Biology 201/General Human Anatomy

Practice Lecture Exam No. 1

ANSWERS

Completion (typically 50% of the exam)

1. Using anatomical terms, completely describe the location of the following body structures:

• the ears are located where, with respect to the mouth?

• Posteriorly, bilaterally and superiorly

• the toenails are located at which end of the toe and on which surface of the foot?

• At the distal end of the toe on the dorsal surface of the foot (aka the dorsum)

2. Name the anatomical section or plane which could accomplish the following:

• fully detach the hand from the wrist

• Transverse

• expose the cranial and thoracic cavities with one cut

• Frontal (coronal) or sagittal or midsagittal are possibilities

3. Cite (a) the histological composition and (b) the general function(s) of the following structures:

• pericardium

1. Made of squamous epithelium over loose connective tissue (as are all serous membranes)
2. Isolates the organ and reduces friction between the heart and the lungs

• epidermis

1. Made of stratified, squamous epithelium over cuboidal cells
2. Provides (thermal) insulation, protection* against infection, abrasion and water loss. Blocks/absorbs UV radiation. Also some limitwed absorption and secretion.

• red bone marrow

1. Myeloid connective tissue
2. Produces red and white blood cells

Description (typically 45% of the exam)

1. Describe (a) the microanatomy/appearance and (b) cellular function(s) of the following organelles.

• lysosomes

1. rounded, membrane-bound containers filled with digestive enzymes for...
2. breakdown of engulfed microbes or disintegrated cell organelles or debris

• nucleus

1. spherical , double membrane-bound organelle containing chromatin (DNA) and nucleoli (RNA) which
2. controls the synthesis of proteins which give the cell specific abilities and characteristics. Also contains genetic material for passage to offspring.

2. Name and describe (a) the histology (b) bodily distribution and (c) the function(s) of the exocrine glands that are associated with hair follicles.

1. composed of simple cuboidal epithelium
2. absent only on the soles of feet and palms.They are abundant where hair follicles are dense but also found on the lips where hair is absent.
3. protects* skin and hair from drying/cracking and provides a chemical barrier to microbes and water loss

Application (typically 5% of the exam)

1. A wood splinter lodged in the epidermis will sooner of later dislodge itself without attention whereas one in the dermis will not. Explain the basis for these facts.