CRnewbirdlist2017

Costa Rica July 16 - August 13, 2017

ANNOTATED TRIP BIRD LIST

Key to Locations (See Journal Notes for full descriptions)

MH = Melrost Hotel, San Jose, Alajuela

LDL = Laguna del Lagarto Lodge, Alajuela

BT = Boca Tapada, Alajuela

RSC = Rio San Carlos, Alajuela

SRV = Santa Rita Village, Alajuela

LLV = Loma Lapa Verde, Alajuela

CL = Carolina Lodge, Alajuela

VTNP = Volcan Tenorio National Park and adjacent land, Alajuela

SRNP = Santa Rosa National Park, Guanacaste

FCC = Finca Canas Castillo, Guanacaste

PT = Playa Tamarindo, Guanacaste

PA = Playa Avellana, Guanacaste

SAM = Samara and vicinity, Guanacaste

CN = Cano Negro, Alajuela

RF = Rio Frio, Alajuela

Key to Frequency and Abundance

D = Observed daily or nearly every day

I = Infrequently observed

R = Observed only once

U = Ubiquitous in the appropriate habitat(s) within its range.

A = A maximum of 10 or more individuals found during a single survey.

B = A maximum of 3-9 individuals found during a single survey.

C = Fewer than 3 individuals found during a single survey.

BIRDS NOTED

Black-bellied Whistling Duck (Dendrocygna autumnalis) gregarious, often paired in trees at edge of wetland, estuary, river; I, B; PT; PA; CN; RF.

Black-bellied Whistling Duck (Dendrocygna autumnalis) PT, 2 August 2017

Great Curassow (Crax rubra) gregarious; often 3-4 females and 1 male; visiting garden daily; sometimes at banana feeders; D,B. LDL.

Great Curassow (Crax rubra) females and male (center) LDL 25 July 2017

Crested Guan (Penelope purpurascens) often in pairs; roosting in tall trees in the evenings; feeding on new leaf buds; D, C; LDL, CL.

Crested Guan (Penelope purpurascens) LDL 21 July 2017

Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) diving offshore near estuary; I, C. PT.

Neotropic Cormorant (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) D,A; PT, CN.

Neotropic Cormorant (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) Rio Frio, Cano Negro 8 August 2017

Anhinga (Anhinga anhinga) usually solitary; perched on snags in mangrove and edge of river, D, B; PT, CN, RF

.Anhinga (Anhinga anhinga) Rio Frio, Cano Negro 8 August 2017

Magnificent Frigatebird (Fregata magnificens) 1 male soaring high in the clouds above the ranch; R, C, FCC.

Wood Stork (Mycteria americana) gregarious; with GREG, SNEG, WHIB in field being ploughed with a tractor, R,B; SAM.

Bare-throated Tiger Heron (Tigrisoma mexicanum) adults and imm.; on shore and in vegetation at edge of wetlands; U, C; LDL, SR, BT, CN.

Bare-throated Tiger Heron (Tigrisoma mexicanum) CN 8 August 2017

Little Blue Heron (Egretta caerulea) solitary and gregarious in wetlands; U, B.

Great Egret (Ardea alba) solitary and loosely gregarious in wetlands, pasture, U, B.

Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) mostly solitary in wetlands, roadside, riverside, pasture, I, C.

Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) gregarious in pastures with livestock, wetlands, mangrove, A; FCC, PT, SAM.

Snowy Egret (Egretta thula) solitary and gregarious in pastures, shorelines and wetlands, A; U.

Green Heron (Butorides virescens) solitary or in pairs; shoreline and riverside, I, C; PT, CN.

Green Heron (Butorides virescens) BT 3 August 2017

Tricolored Heron (Egretta tricolor) solitary in mangrove; R, C; PT.

Yellow-crowned Night Heron (Nyctanassa violacea) 2 (ad, imm); perched in mangrove trees,C, R, PT.

Yellow-crowned Night Heron (Nyctanassa violacea) Playa Tamarindo, Guanacaste CR 2 Aug 2017

White Ibis (Eudocimus albus) gregarious; mangrove, wetlands, riverside, I, B, FCC; PT, SAM.

Green Ibis (Mesembrinibis cayenennsis) singles and pairs, I, C; LDL; FCC, PT.

Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus) gregarious; often soaring over; on and near roadways towns, D, U, A.

Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus) Playa Tamarindo, Guanacaste CR 2 August 2017

Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) gregarious; not as abundant as BLVU; D, U, A.

Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture (Cathartes burrovianus) ? 1: solitary; about 30% smaller than TUVU; no conspicuous yellow coloration on head; extensive blue on crown and occipital; standing in roadside puddles in dry forest, R, C; SRNP.

Cathartes sp. roadside, Santa Rosa National Park, 1 August 2017

King Vulture (Sarcorhampus papa) gregarious, often pairs circling with TUVU and BLVU; D,B; LDL, LLV.

Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis) perched in subcanopy of tall tree at edge of river, R,C; RF- CN.

Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis) Rio Frio, Cano Negro 8 August 2017

Swallow-tailed Kite (Elanoides forficatus) soaring above the forest and waterfall, R, C; VTNP.

Tiny Hawk (Accipiter superciliosus) 1 (imm.) sallying to forest edge pasture from roadside utility line, R,C; BT.

Roadside Hawk (Buteo magnirostris) roadside and village utility poles, I, U.

Mangrove Black Hawk (Buteogallus subtilis) perched in canopy of a mesquite tree, I, C; PT.

Mangrove Black Hawk (Buteogallus subtilis) Playa Tamarindo, Guanacaste 2 August 2017

Great Black Hawk (Buteogallus orubitinga) in canopy of riverine forest, R, C; RF.

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) perched high in canopy in mangrove, R,C; PT.

Crested Caracara (Caracara cheriway) utility poles, isolated trees,, roadside pastures, second-growth; dry forest, U; C.

Crested Caracara (Caracara cheriway) Playa Avellana, Guanacaste 5 August 2017

Laughing Falcon (Herpetotheres cachinnans) calling (unseen) from edge of forest, I,C; LDL, LLV.

Gray-necked Wood-Rail (Aramides cajanea) preening in low vegetation on riverbank, I,C; RF-CN.

Gray-necked Wood-Rail (Aramides cajanea) Rio Frio - Cano Negro 8 August 2017

Northern Jacana (Jacana spinosa) wading in marsh; on mudflats, D,B; CN.

Sungrebe (Heliornis fulica) swimming, diving in backwater, R,C; RF-CN.

Sungrebe (Heliornis fulica) Rio Frio, Cano Negro 8 August 2017

Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis macularius) 2 on shore and in backwater in estuary, PT.

Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus) on shore with WILL, R,C; PA.

Willet (Tringa semipalmata) 2 on shore with WHIM, R, C, PA.

Willet (Tringa semipalmata) (L) and Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus) Playa Avellana, Guanacaste 5 August 2017

Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres) 1 on shore, foraging between rock outcrops, PT.

Feral Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) ubiquitous in and around townships and cities (except BT).

Red-billed Pigeon (Patagioenas flavirostris) 1 tree-top perch, early morning, LDL.

Band-tailed Pigeon (Patagioenas fasciata) 2 tree-tops in pasture, MH.

Short-billed Pigeon (Patagioenas nigrirostris) 1 in tall trees at edge of forest, LDL.

White-winged Dove (Zenaida asiatica) on street and in gardens, D,B; MH; PT.

White-winged Dove (Zenaida asiatica) Playa Tamarindo Guanacaste Costa Rica 4 August 2017

Common Ground Dove (Columbina passerina) edge of heavy second growth, roadways, I, C; LDL;SRNP.

Inca Dove (Columbina inca) ubiquitous in villages, towns and cities.

Inca Dove (Columbina inca) MH, San Jose, Alajuela Costa Rica 17 July 2017

Ruddy Ground Dove (Columbina talpacoti) I, C; LDL, BT, CN.

White-tipped Dove (Leptotila verreauxi) D,C; LDL, CL.

White-tipped Dove (Leptotila verreauxi) Carlolina Lodge, Alajuela CR 27 July 2017

Crimson-throated Parakeet (Psittacara finschi) gregarious; flying over forest edge, R,C; BT.

Olive-throated Parakeet (Eupsittula nana) vocal, gregarious; occasionally visiting banana feeders, I, A; LDL.

Orange-fronted Parakeet (Eupsittula canicularis) gregarious; a flock resting in a distant Guanacaste tree on hillside I, A; FCC.

Orange-chinned Parakeet (Brotogeris jugularis) vocal, gregarious; in garden trees and secondary forestI, B; LDL, PT.

Brown-hooded Parrot (Pyrilia haematotis) D, B; LDL.

Brown-hooded Parrot (Pionopsitta haematotis) Laguna del Lagarto, Alajuela Costa Rica 18 July 2017

White-crowned Parrot (Pionus senilis) R, C; LDL.

Great Green Macaw (Ara ambiguus) pairs occasionally seen flying over the lodge in the morning and early evening, I; C; LDL

Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) vocal, gregarious; one afternoon nine birds together in a tree; pairs allopreening; feeding on small, unripe green fruits in roadside tree (photo). D; B; LDL, LLV.

Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) Laguna del Lagarto, Alajuela CR 9 August 2017

Red-lored Parrot (Amazona autumnalis) vocal, gregarious; often heard before seen flying over forest canopy, D, B; LDL, LLV.

Mealy Parrot (Amazona farinosa) vocal, gregarious; easily confused with RLPA in flight (note MEPA higher pitched calls), I, C; LDL.

Squirrel Cuckoo (Piaya cayana) one resting on lawn, sunning itself with outstretched wings following rains, FCC; subcanopy of creekside woodland, I, C; PT.

Squirrel Cuckoo (Piaya cayana) Finca Canas Castillo, Guanacaste CR 29 July 2017

Groove-billed Ani (Crotophaga sulcirostris) commonly seen in fallow fields and roadside second-growth, D, U, A.

Vermiculated Screech Owl (Megascops guatemalae) in a subcanopy cavity beneath a bromeliad about 15 ft high in a mature tree overhanging the river, R, C; RF.

Vermiculated Screech Owl (Megascops guatemalae) Rio Frio Cano Negro, Alajuela CR 8 August 2017

Central American Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium griseiceps) calling continuously in afternoon (unseen) in forest at edge of garden at trail head, R, C; LDL.

Common Paraque (Nyctidromus albicollis) flushed by auto headlights on main road, I; B; BT, SR, LDL.

Short-tailed Nighthawk (Lurocalis semitorquatus) flushed by auto headlights on main road near lodge entrance, I, C; LDL.

White-collared Swift (Streptoporocne zonaris) flying 300 ft. a.g.l. above pastureland, I, C; FCC.

Gray-rumped Swift (Chaeturea cinereiventris) flying above forest canopy, I, C; LDL.

Stripe-throated Hermit (Phaethornis striigularis) visiting flowering garden shrubs; I, C; LDL, CL..

Long-billed Hermit (Phaethornis longirostris) visiting garden hummingbird feeders;, R, C, SR.

Long-billed Hermit (Phaethornis longirostris) Santa Rita, Alajuela CR 10 Aug 2017

Bronzy Hermit (Glaucis aeneus) visiting garden hummingbird feeders; R, C, SR.

Scaly-breasted Hummingbird (Phaeochroa cuvierii) visiting shady garden hummingbird feeders; R, C, SR.

Scaly-breasted Hummingbird (Phaeochroa cuvierii) Santa Rita, Alajuela CR 10 Aug 2017

White-necked Jacobin (Florisuga mellivora) bold and territorial when visiting flowering garden shrubs and hummingbird feeder; I, B; LDL, SR.

White-necked Jacobin (Florisuga mellivora) Santa Rita, Alajuela CR 10 Aug 2017

Canivet's Emerald (Chlorostilbon canivetii) visiting low-growing purple- flowering herbs; I, C; PT, (SR?).

Steely-vented Hummingbird (Amazilia Saucerrottei) visiting flowering shrubs in garden, I, C; LDL.

Crowned Woodnymph (Thalurania colombica) visiting garden hummingbird feeder, R, C; SR.

Violet-crowned Woodnymph (Thalurania colombica) Laguna del Lagarto CR 10 Aug 2017

Rufous-tailed Hummingbird (Amazilia tzacatl) (m,f) visiting a variety of garden flowering plants and feeders, U; C.

Rufous-tailed Hummingbird (Amazilia tzacatl) Santa Rita, Alajuela CR 10 Aug 2017

Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) 1 (f) perched alone in the shade of Adolfo's garden; R, C; SR (photo).

Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) Santa Rita, Alajuela Costa Rica 10 August 2017

Plain-capped Starthroat (Heliomaster constantii) visiting tall flowering shrubs and trees in garden, R,D; PT.

Violet-headed Hummingbird (Klais guimeti) at feeders in shady garden with other hummers, R; D; SR.

Black-headed Trogon (Trogon melanocephalus) vocal, gregarious; one copulating pair; hawking large insects in subanopy in riparian forest in late morning, I, C; PT.

Black-headed Trogon (Trogon melanocephalus) male Playa Tamarindo, Guanacaste CR 6 August 2017

Elegant Trogon (Trogon elegans) flying across main road of park interior, R;C; SRNP.

Slaty-tailed Trogon (Trogon massena) flying from tree to tree; landing in subcanopy, I; C; LDL.

Slaty-tailed Trogon (Trogon massena) female Laguna del Lagarto CR 19 July 2017

Lattice-tailed Trogon (Trogon clathratus) (f) flying to perches in subcanopy at edge of forest, R,C; CL.

Ringed Kingfisher (Ceryl torquatus) active in mornings in lagoon, river and marsh, I,C; LDL, PT, CN, RF.

Green Kingfisher (Chloroceryle americana) edge of streams; river in riparian forest, I, C; , FCC;RF.

American Pygmy Kingfisher (Chlorocereyle aenea) perched on low snags in lagoon, I, C; LDL.

Amazon Kingfisher (Chloroceryle amazona) riparian forest at edge of river, I, B; RF.

Turquoise-browed Motmot (Eumomota superciliosa) active in subcanopy of shady riparian woodland, R,I; PT.

Yellow-throated Toucan (Ramphastos ambiguus swainsonii) vocal, gregarious; regular visitor to banana feeders and edge of forest on rivers and streams; D, B; LDL, CL, CN, RF.

Yellow-throated Toucan (Ramphastos ambiguus swainsonii) Laguna del Lagarto, CR 18 July 2017

Keel-billed Toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus) individuals and pairs; relatively shy, largely silent, visiting banana feeders each day. D, C; LDL.

Keel-billed Toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus) Laguna del Lagarto, Alajuela CR 18 July 2017

Collared Aracari (Pteroglossus torquatus) gregarious; frequent visitor at banana feeders; I, B; LDL, FCC, PT, CN.

Collared Aracari (Pteroglossus torquatus) Laguna del Lagarto, Alajuela CR 19 July 2017

Black-cheeked Woodpecker (Melanerpes pucherani) frequent visitor to garden palms and trees; occasional at banana feeders. D, B; LDL, BT, CL, CN.

Black-cheeked Woodpecker (Melanerpes pucherani) Laguna del Lagarto, CR 18 July 2017

Hoffmann's Woodpecker (Melanerpes hoffmannii) vocal, gregarious; on large trees in gardens and second growth; D, U; B.

Hoffmann's Woodpecker (Melanerpes hoffmannii) San Jose, CR 17 July 2017

Chestnut-colored Woodpecker (Celeus castaneus) foraging on coconut halves attached to a low tree stump, R, C; SR.

Chestnut-colored Woodpecker (Celeus castaneus) Santa Rita, Alajuela CR 10 Aug 2017

Lineated Woodpecker (Dryocopus lineatus) vocal; active in old secondary forest on a variety of trees and substrates, I, C; LDL, FCC.

Streak-headed Woodcreeper (Lepidocolaptes souleyetii) vocal, active on a variety of trees in gardens and secondary forest; often in pairs but separated vertically on the same tree or on neighboring trees; I,C; LDL, PT, CL.

Barred Antshrike (Thamnophilus doliatus) male and female pair interacting in subcanopy of tall deciduous tree at edge of marsh, R,C; CN.

Barred Antshrike (Thamnophilus doliatus) m (above); (f) below, Cano Negro, Alajuela CR 7 Aug 2017

Common Tody Flycatcher (Todirostrum cinereum) active in a variety of garden shrubs and trees, I, C; LDL, FCC. PT..

Long-tailed Tyrant (Colonia colonus) a pair nesting simultaneously with Black-crowned Tityras in an old Black-cheeked Woodpecker cavity in crownless palm trunk next to observation deck, D, C; LDL.

Long-tailed Tyrant (Colonia colonus) Laguna del Lagarto, CR 18 July 2017

Dusky-capped Flycatcher (Myiarchus tuberculifer) active in crowns of garden trees near river, R,C; BT-RSC.

Great Kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus) vocal, active in a wide variety of modified habitats; D, U.

Great Kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus) Laguna del Lagarto CR 25 July 2017

White-ringed Flycatcher (Conopias albovittatus) at banana feeder in garden, R,C; CL.

Social Flycatcher (Myiozetetes similis) individuals and small flocks; on utility lines; roadsides; in a variety of disturbed habitats; D,B; U.

Tropical Kingbird (Tyrannus melancholicus) solitary and gregarious in disturbed habitats, D, B; U.

Tropical Kingbird (Tyrannus melancholicus) Playa Tamarindo, Guanacaste CR 3 Aug 2017

Cinnamon Becard (Pachyramphus cinnamomeus) active in garden trees and secondary forest, I,C; LDL, FCC.

Cinnamon Becard (Pachyramphus cinnamomeus) Laguna del Lagarto, CR 18 July 2017

Black-crowned Tityra (Tityra inquisitor) a pair nesting in an old BCWO cavitiy of a topless palm tree trunk simultaneously with nesting pair of Long-tailed Tyrant in a separate cavity; foraging on large orthopterans and returning to the nest site with them, D, C; LDL.

Black-crowned Tityra (Tityra inquisitor) Laguna del Lagarto, CR 18 July 2017

Three-wattled Bellbird (Procnias tricarunculatus) a male singing from the canopy of a tall tree overhanging the river, R,C; RF-CN.

Three-wattled Bellbird (Procnias tricarunculatus) Rio Frio Cano Negro CR 8 Aug 2017

White-collared Manakin (Manacus candei) (unseen) calling from second growth I, C; LDL, LLV..

Long-tailed Manakin (Chiroxiphia linearis) female active in lower middle level of riparian forest, I,C; FCC.

Yellow-green Vireo (Vireo flavoviridis) active in subcanopy of hillside secondary forest, I, C, FCC.

White-throated Magpie Jay (Calocitta formosa) vocal, gregarious; frequenting gardens, adjacent forest, roadsides (C-1), D,B; FCC, SRNP.

White-throated Magpie Jay (Calocitta formosa) Canas Castilla, Guanacaste, CR 29 July 2017

Mangrove Swallow (Tachycineta albilinea) pairs flying low over river, open fields, mangrove, I, C; BT; FCC, PT.

Gray-breasted Martin (Progne chalybea) flocks over towns and shoreline; a nesting colony under metal roof of a roadside service station (C-21: west of Liberia), D, B; U.

Tropical Gnatcatcher (Polioptila plumbea) active in garden shrubs and trees; mangroves, second-growth, I, C; LDL, PT.

Rufous-naped Wren (Campylorhynchus rufinucha) vocal, gregarious; nesting and active in gardens and secondary forest; D,C; MH, FCC, PT.

Rufous-naped Wren (Campylorhynchus rufinucha) Playa Tamarindo, Guanacaste CR 5 Aug 2017

Cabanis's Wren (Cantorchilusmodestus) active in garden shrubs and trees, I,C; PT.

House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) vocal, active in garden, D,C; LDL.

Clay-colored Thrush (Turdus grayi) vocal, active in gardens and second-growth; D, B; U.

Yellow (Mangrove) Warbler (Setophaga petechia) active at edge of mangroves; I, C; PT.

Buff-rumped Warbler (Myiothlypis fulvicauda) highly vocal, a pair active early AM on ground in garden and streamside, D;C; CL.

Gray-crowned Yellowthroat (Geothlypis poliocephala) a pair in a weedy roadside lot, R,C; BT.

Rufous-capped Warbler (Basileuterus rufifrons) a pair active in small trees at the edge of the forest and pasture, R;C; FCC.

Bananaquit (Coereba flaveola) usually solitary; active in garden shrubs and trees; I,C; LDL, BT; CL.

Passerini's Tanager (Ramphocelus passerinii) gregarious; active in gardens and second-growth; D;B; BT, LDL, LLV.

Passerini's Tanager (Ramphocelus passerinii) male Laguna del Lagarto, CR 18 July 2017

Golden-hooded Tanager (Tangara larvata) active in garden; frequents banana feeders; D,C; LDL.

Golden-hooded Tanager (Tangara larvata) Laguna del Lagarto, 10 August 2017

Plain-colored Tanager (Tangara inornata) gregarious; occasional visitor to banana feeder, I,C; LDL.

Blue-gray Tanager (Thraupis episcopus) vocal, gregarious; frequents garden shrubs, trees, banana feeders; D,B; U.

Blue-gray Tanager (Thraupis episcopus) Laguna del Lagarto, CR 20 July 2017

Palm Tanager (Thraupis palmarum) gregarious; adults with fledglings at banana feeders; gardens and second-growth, D, B; LDL.

Palm Tanager (Thraupis palmarum) Laguna del Lagarto, CR 18 July 2017

Green Honeycreeper (Chlorophanes spiza) gregarious; pairs (m,f) frequenting banana feeders, D,C; LDL.

Green Honeycreeper (Chlorophanes spiza) male Laguna del Lagarto, CR 18 July 2017

Shining Honeycreeper (Cyanerpes lucidus) gregarious; pairs frequenting banana feeders; often with other species, e.g. Green Honeycreeper and Red-legged Honeycreeper, as well as tanagers; D,C; LDL.

Red-legged Honeycreeper (Cyanerpes cyaneus) pairs and individuals frequenting banana feeders; often with other species (see above); D, C; LDL.

Nicaraguan Seed Finch (Oryzoborus nuttingi) gregarious; active in tall grass and second-growth on the outskirts of Boca Tapada village, I;C; BT.

Nicaraguan Seed Finch (Oryzoborus nuttingi) Boca Tapada, Alajuela CR 9 Aug 2017

Variable Seedeater (Sporophila corvina) (Caribbean dark morph) gregarious (m,f); in weedy second growth and gardens; D;C; LDL, LLV, BT, CN.

White-collared Seedeater (Sporophila torqueola) gregarious (m,f) roadside grassy areas and edge of marsh, SR, BT, CN.

Yellow-faced Grassquit (Tiarus olivaceus) with VASE and PATA, on utility line at edge of forest and pasture, R,C; SR.

Blue-black Grassquit (Volatina jacarina) gregarious; grassy areas along roadways; gardens and second-growth, I, C; U.

Black-striped Sparrow (Arremonops conirostris) gregarious; foraging on lawns; one feeding a parasitic Bronzed Cowbird, I, C; CN.

Stripe-headed Sparrow (Peucae ruficauda) gregarious; foraging in weedy vacant lots; I,C; PT.

Stripe-headed Sparrow (Peucaea ruficauda) Playa Tamarindo, CR 3 Aug 2017

Rufous-collared Sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis) gregarious; a pair foraging in a suburban pasture, I, C; MH.

House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) gregarious; towns and villages; I, C; U.

Grayish Saltator (Saltator coerulescens) in garden trees; I,C; MH.

Grayish Saltator (Saltator coerulescens) Melrost garden, San Jose, CR 17 July 2017

Buff-throated Saltator (Saltator maximus) in garden trees; foraging on lawn beneath banana feeder, D, C; LDL.

Black-faced Grosbeak (Caryothraustes poliogaster) vocal, gregarious; flock moving quickly through fruiting trees at edge of forest, R, B; LLV.

Blue-black Grosbeak (Cyanocompsa cyanoides) active in second-growth, R,C; CN.

Melodius Blackbird (Dives dives) a pair foraging low in trees at edge of pasture, R, C; MH, CN.

Bronzed Cowbird (Molothrus aenus) a young male in the garden following and being fed by a Black-striped Sparrow, R;C; CN.

Bronzed Cowbird (Molothrus aenus) immature Cano Negro CR 7 August 2017

Great-tailed Grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus) gregarious; in villages and towns, D, C; U.

Giant Cowbird (Molothrus orizyvorus) roadside grassland, pasture and second-growth, I, C; BT.

Streak-backed Oriole (Icterus pustulatus) garden trees, R, C; PT.

Yellow-billed Cacique (Amblycercus holosericeus) in tall riverside trees, R,C; RF-CN.

Chestnut-headed Oropendola (Psarocolias wagleri) gregarious; a pair briefly visiting the canopy tall garden tree near banana feeder, R, C; LDL.

Chestnut-headed Oropendola (Psarocolias wagleri) Laguna del Lagarto, CR 25 July 2017

Montezuma Oropendola (Psarocolias montezuma) vocal, gregarious; males about 30% larger than females; usually only one male with several subordinate females at the banana feeders; female pecking order well established, each taking turns picking pieces from bunches of bananas; generally agile and acrobatic at the feeders; birds apparently flying in each day from distant overnight roosts northwest of Laguna del Lagarto lodge; D, B; LDL; CL, CN.

Montezuma Oropendola (Psarocolius montezuma) female Laguna del Lagarto CR 18 July 2017

Olive-backed Euphonia (Euphonia gouldi) frequenting banana feeders; subordinate to most larger species at the feeders; often at the feeders during and immediately following rains; D,C; LDL.

Olive-backed Euphonia (Euphonia gouldi) Laguna del Lagarto, CR 19 July 2017